Figure 5 shows an example of variations in the ZTD data that are sensitive to changes in the atmospheric conditions on 10 June. Figure 5a shows the time series of ZTD (solid line) and ZWD (dashed) from the station located at 24.715N, 120.95E (S1 in Fig. 4a). ZWD is estimated as the difference between the observed ZTD and model ZHD, which takes the information of the surface pressure measurement at the same location. This figure shows that the variations in ZTD are mostly dominated by ZWD, denoting the variations in the moisture field. This characteristic reveals the utility of ZTD data in providing auxiliary humidity information. In addition, Fig. 5b shows the ZTD deviations averaged from four stations in northwestern Taiwan framed by the box shown in Fig. 4a. The values deviate from the mean diurnal ZTD variations averaged from the total 66 stations in Taiwan from 0000 UTC (0800 LST) 10 June to 0000 UTC (0800 LST) 11 June. The ZTD deviations generally show an increasing trend, corresponding to the moisture transport by the southwest-westerly flow from 10 to 11 June and associated with the movement of the front system.
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